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Questions: 1.What does the statement "the best interface for a system is no User Interface"? When might this apply and provide two examples. 2.Compare the bandwidth, distance, interference rating, cost and security of a) twisted pair cable, b) coaxial cable and 3) fibre optic cable. Use current data, give specific details for at least 3 types of cable within each category. 3.The three common ways to obtain information from IoT devices are sensors, RFID and Video tracking. Compare the three technologies by addressing the advantages, disadvantages. 4.Discuss the issues associated with security and privacy in the context of the Internet of Things. 5.How much of its time budget can be saved by redesigning the application to use the publish/subscribe communication model in lieu of the command/response approach. 6.Describe Nielson's Law. How does it relate to Moore's Law? What are the implications for the Internet of Thing? Answers: 1.The real problem that is mainly faced with an interface is basically it is an interface. In doing any daily task with the interface gets into the way it would be all together a very bad option. The main focus should be on the task and not on the interface which is related to the task. The main aspect that should be followed practically is that the mere job is not basically done on the job or it can be stated that the effort in doing a job is not on the interface it should be putting effort on a job. When a job is directly related to a interface the main design aspect is related to the inherent inhuman, unnatural which directly gives a diminishing return. The better aspect in such a scenario is not putting any emphasis on the interface and full emphasis should be towards the job which is to be performed. Example 1: Bluetooth audio system is in the verge of the latest innovation. The user interface has been implemented in such a way that compatibility should be achieved in order to access the output and the input aspect involved in it.(Wollschlaeger, Sauter Jasperneite, 2017). Example 2: Putting emphasis on the Bluetooth aspect the elimination of the user interface would be directly beneficial from the users point of view. The user interface would always be troublesome with the prospective of the user and different secyrity issue can arise from its directly implementation. The elimination of the user interface would also save time. 2.Specifications of Cables Co axial cable The co axial cable is very much similar to the cable type which is used in order to carry Television signal. The main composition of the wire is a solid wire which is made up of copper runs down the middle of the wire, around the solid wire is a thin layer of insulation and covering the insulation are a metal foil and a braided wire. The main role of it is to protect against interference of magnetic. Bandwidth: the bandwidth of co axial cable is 1 GHz Distance: 500m Interference rating: limited to a distance but least susceptible to interference. Cost: medium cost than other cables. Security: The security involved in the wire can be considered as medium Twisted pair Cable: The twisted pair cable is the most common type of cable which can be found easily in the local area network (LAN) networks. The data which is transmitted is from the pair of twisted pair of wire. The twisting is mainly done in order to protect it from cross talk. Bandwidth: the bandwidth of co axial cable is 1 MHz Distance: 100m Interference rating: limited to a distance but least susceptible to interference Cost: it is very much cheaper than other cables. Security: the security aspect lags behind in this category of cable. Optical fiber cabling The optical fiber cable mainly uses a optical fiber that mainly carry data signal which is in the digital form in the form of pulses which are modulated. The main composition of the cable is that it consist of an extremely thin cylinder which is referred to as core, the core is surrounded by a concentrate layer of glass which is termed as cladding. Bandwidth: the bandwidth of co axial cable is 75 THz Distance: (single mode) 10Km, (multi node) 2Km Interference rating: the cable is not susceptible to EMI Cost: This category of cable is consider to be very much expensive Security: this category of cable is imposed with high security aspects. 3. Summarized Table of Advantages, Disadvantages and Application of IoT IoT Devices Advantages Disadvantages Application Sensors * effect of dust, rain and snow is limited *The working is limited and would work properly if and only if proper power supply is given to it. * signal which are reflected form curves can be difficult to achieve. *Smart sleep system. *Smart washing machine. *Smart lightning. *Weather monitoring. *Blood Pressure monitoring (Tozlu et al., 2012). Smart internet mirror. RFID * 100% security is assured with tag data where data cannot be duplicated. * large number of sizes, different types and different materials are appropriately available *costly than barcode * Barcode labels are longer. * used in tracking of product which is mainly used in jeweler tracking airlines baggage (Gubbi et al., 2013). Video Tracking *Communication achieves devices. * is another advantage of video tracking is monitoring (Singh, Tripathi and jara, 2014). *Better quality of livelihood. *international standard compatibility is not given *Privacy and security both will be exposed. *Human-computer interaction. *Augmentation of reality. *Medical imaging. *Video communication. 4.The internet of things promises to provide ubiquitous and unprecedented access to any device that can easily make up for anything with regards to health, wellness devices and assembly lines. The different aspects which can be related are to the security issue. The internet of things can provide different advantage as well as disadvantage added to it (Wollschlaeger, Sauter Jasperneite, 2017).. In general the security and the protection of data are considered complimentary requirement when it is related to Internet of Things services. Security can be related to anything that involves various aspect of putting the data in a secured environment. There can be many justifications and security aspects that can be involved in the security of the data in an internet of things (IoT) service. When it comes to data one of the basic aspects that comes into play is keeping the data secured from a variety of security breaches which are into active part now. Putting emphasis on information security, it is regarded as preserving the confidentiality, availability and integrity (Kranz, 2016). The security plays a vital role in every aspect putting limelight on both the aspects for the organization itself and the benefits of the citizens. The most important challenge is to ensure the availability and continuity prospective with the provision of the services which are served by the Internet o f Things, with it the main aspect of avoiding the potential failure which are associated with interruptions and operational failure (Tozlu et al., 2012) . 5.Blocking Mode: As peer the blocking phase, the guarantee which is achieved with the generation of the point which is considered to be the end point will to gave in order to get the appropriate respond of the request made with the initialization of the point which is considered as the end point and with regards to its completion which is long and which can be referred to as waiting point with emphasis on the originator (Wollschlaeger, Sauter Jasperneite, 2017) being synchronous asynchronous message would be received by the originator Publish/Subscribe Paradigm: It is also referred to as a pub/sub which enables the communication in order of unidirectional between the publishers with regards to the one subscriber. After the subscriber declares his interest in this category or class of category it would be forwarded (Bui, 2016). Figure 1: Publish Subscribe Paradigm (Source: By Author) Command/Response Paradigm: The factor of overhead with the message which is unneeded, this message travels in the direction which is reverse Response /command and thus sub optimality is achieved. Figure 2: Command/Response paradigm (Source: By Author) 6.Neilsons Law: Comparing to Moores law the user bandwidth increases by almost 60% in every year which is very much less. The time period of 1989 to 2016 is the best fitted period of the law. The law wis directly related to the bandwidth with regards to the internet and mainly states that a user connection which is estimated to be on the higher end , the speed grows to an average of 50% every year.(Wollschlaeger, Sauter Jasperneite, 2017). Moores law is same as the Neilsons law but the law which is stated by Neilson is more established. Moore stated that computer double in capabilities every 18 months, which is related with 60% of annual growth (Kumar et al., 2017). Implication of Nelsons law in IoT In around 2024 it can be expected that with the implementation of the sensor technology it will break through the trillion sensor by which the creating of data stream with every surround surface can be achieved. Sensors will be very much soon embedded in various fields such as houses, cars and even in the clothing. Microchip will be a part of the trending approach with its direct implementation in body or skin sensor. This implementation can be a trend in the near future. (Bonomi et al., 2017). References Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., Addepalli, S. (2017, August). Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. In Proceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on Mobile cloud computing (pp. 13-16). ACM. Bui, N. (2016). Internet of Things. Cui, X. (2016). The internet of things. 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Wollschlaeger, M., Sauter, T., Jasperneite, J. (2017). The future of industrial communication: Automation networks in the era of the internet of things and industry 4.0. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 11(1), 17-27